Besakih mother Temple (Pura Besakih) is one of the most prominent
cultural and tourist landmarks on the Indonesian island of Bali. This
enchanting site attracts visitors from around the world who are eager to
explore the history and culture of this stunning tropical island. The Pura
Besakih temple is considered a major attraction in Besakih and enjoys great
popularity among tourists and travelers who flock here to experience something
truly unique.
The island of Bali, with its natural beauty and rich cultural heritage,
is one of the most magnificent tourist destinations in the world, and Pura
Besakih shines as an architectural gem in this tropical island. Are you ready
to immerse yourself in the world of beauty, history, and spirituality at Pura
Besakih? Keep reading to discover more about this enchanting and iconic
cultural landmark in Bali.
Bisakih mother Temple: Prominent Cultural, Religious, and Touristic landmark
The Besakih mother Temple is always referred to as the "Besakih Temple of Besakih" in Bali - Indonesia, this temple is located 1,000 meters above sea level on the southwestern slopes of Mount Agung. Besakih Temple holds a long and significant history in Bali's cultural, religious and tourism heritage. The origin of the temple dates back to the eleventh century, when it was built as a Hindu temple to worship Hindu gods. It is a large complex of temples for different clans and shrines.
Besakih Temple (Pura Besakih) contains approximately 86 temples, and each shrine has its own memorial, so more than 70 religious events are held there every year. The temple is considered a sacred place for the Balinese and some visitors offerprayers to the gods and offer sacrifices. A visit toBesakih is considered a religious and spiritual experience for many visitors.
In addition to its religious importance, the Besakih temple holds
exceptional significance in Balinese culture and history. Its unique
architectural design and structure are a source of pride for the island of Bali
and are considered a symbol of Balinese skill and creativity in architecture.
The Besakih temple is also a famous tourist site, attracting visitors from
around the world to explore its unique beauty and enjoy the breathtaking
surrounding landscapes. The magnificent and enigmatic Mount Agung provides a
stunning and captivating backdrop that steals hearts and enchants the eyes.
The religious significance of Besakih mother Temple:
Besakih Mother Temple is
considered the main temple for the traditional Hindu religious ceremonies. It
is where worship, prayers, sacrifices, as well as traditional Hindu singing and
dancing ceremonies take place. Visitors from all around the world come to
participate in these ceremonies and experience Balinese culture firsthand,
adding a special charm and appeal to the temple.
It is said that a Hindu monk named Basuki secluded himself from his
family and clan and ventured alone into the embrace of Mount Agung to worship
his sacred deity in the 8th century. During his isolation, he was determined to
build houses for the people with the help of some of his close followers and
disciples. However, during the construction process, several of the monk's
followers passed away due to illness and construction accidents.
Shrines were built in honor of these followers, and later, in the 11th century, the main temple, Pura Besakih, was constructed. The temple was influenced by the earthquake in 1917 and the volcanic activities of Mount Agung, which subjected it to extensive renovations, resulting in its current state.
The most important festivals and religious ceremonies at Besakih mother Temple:
Besakih mother Temple is considered an important venue for traditional
religious ceremonies and celebrations. Visitors from all around the world come
to participate in these ceremonies and experience Balinese culture firsthand.
The famous Hindu ceremonies held at the temple include deity worship, prayers,
offerings, traditional singing, and dancing.
1. "Pura
Besakih Festival": This festival is celebrated on the full moon day of the
local Balinese calendar month of Bali. It is considered the biggest and most
important cultural and artistic event in Bali. Thousands of people visit Pura Besakih to pray, make offerings, and light candles during this festival.
2. Saraswati
Day: This festival honors the goddess of knowledge, arts, and literature,
Saraswati, at her dedicated temple, which features a water garden and a lotus
pond adorned with magnificent statues of Saraswati and the demon Jarog Gedé
Mecaling. Visitors offer prayers and religious presentations at the temple,
making it an important tourist attraction.
3. Odalan: This refers to the anniversary celebrations of the establishment of each temple within the Besakih Temple complex. It is worth mentioning that each temple has its own "Odalan" day to commemorate its anniversary, based on the Balinese calendar, which occurs every 210 days. During Odalan (the specific day for each temple), the temple is adorned with decorations and an abundance of flower baskets and offerings carried by Balinese women on their heads. Traditional performances are held, and worshippers come to pray and make offerings. After the prayer, the devotees are sprinkled with holy water and blessed with sacred rice.
4. Galungan Day: It is one of the most important festivals in Bali. It is celebrated for ten days, marking the completion of one year in the Balinese calendar, which consists of 210 days. Balinese people believe that the spirits of their ancestors, called Galungan, return to the Earth along with their family members and family gods such as the god Indra. The temple is adorned with flags and flowers, prayers are conducted, and offerings are made, including small baskets made of banana leaves filled with colorful flowers, snacks, biscuits, incense, and sometimes money. The rituals also commemorate the victorious battle of theHindu god Indra against the rebellious king Mayadewa, who denied Hinduism in his kingdom. Balinese people believe that this victory symbolizes the triumph of righteousness (dharma) over evil (adharma).
5. Kuningan Day:
It comes ten days after Galungan and is considered a special day to bid
farewell to the ancestral spirits once again. This occasion holds great
importance in Balinese religion, and prayers and ceremonial offerings are held
at the temple to honor the ancestral spirits.
6. Melasti: It
is a ritual of purifying the soul from sins and impurities, symbolically
cleansing the soul before the start of the Balinese New Year, which is
celebrated on Nyepi Day. During these rituals, worshippers gather at Pura
Besakih and other sacred sites near the ocean to perform purification
ceremonies and cleanse themselves symbolically by immersing or sprinkling their
bodies with ocean water.
7. Nyepi Day:
Also known as the "Day of Silence," this day is considered sacred for
contemplation, silence, and fasting in Balinese religion, celebrating the
Balinese New Year according to the Saka calendar, which is 155 days ahead of
the Gregorian calendar. On this day, all activities, commercial establishments,
traffic, and lights are completely halted for contemplation. Visitors and local
residents engage in silent meditative prayers at the temple.
The architectural splendor of Besakih mother Temple: Bali's masterpiece
The architectural wonder of Pura Besakih (Mother Besakih Temple) in Bali
serves as a living testament to the rich artistic heritage and exquisite
craftsmanship of the Balinese people. This magnificent temple complex showcases
a blend of traditional Balinese architecture and unique design elements that
have amazed visitors for centuries.
Pura Besakih is comprised of numerous temples, shrines, wings, and
courtyards spread across a vast area. The temple complex is situated on the
slopes of Mount Agung, the highest volcano in Bali, adding to its breathtaking
beauty. The location itself imparts a sense of spiritual significance and
tranquility to the entire temple complex.
The most prominent features of the architecture of the Besakih Great Temple:
The architectural design of Pura Besakih, also
known as the Mother Besakih Temple, is distinguished by its unique Balinese
architectural features. The temples are adorned with exquisite stone sculptures
depicting mythical characters, Hindu deities, and intricate floral motifs. The
multi-tiered temple roofs feature intricate works of thatch and woven
materials, creating a visually stunning impression.
1) Grand
Gateways: The temple is characterized by its massive and intricately adorned
gateways, which create an awe-inspiring entrance to the temple.
2) Main Tower:
At the center of the temple, a multi-tiered main tower stands tall, serving as
one of the prominent architectural elements in Besakih.
3) Decorations
and Carvings: The temple walls are adorned with detailed decorations and
carvings that reflect traditional Balinese art and cultural expressions.
4) Use of
"Meru" Style: One of the distinctive architectural features of Pura
Besakih is the towering structures resembling pagodas, featuring multiple roof
tiers symbolizing the sacred mountains in Hindu mythology. The Meru structures
in Pura Besakih vary in size, with the tallest reaching up to 11 tiers.
5) Overall
Complex Design: The design of the complex follows a pyramid-like structure,
with the main temple dedicated to the Hindu trinity of Brahma, Vishnu, and
Shiva at the highest level. The lower levels house various other temples and
wings dedicated to different deities and ceremonial purposes.
The architectural splendor of Pura Besakih is a remarkable showcase of
Bali's rich cultural heritage and a visual delight for visitors who appreciate
the beauty and skill of traditional Balinese architecture.
Tourism in Besakih: Exploring the Beauty of Bali
Bali is renowned for its rich historical and cultural heritage, and Pura
Besakih is one of the prime destinations for exploring the island's historical
beauty. As the largest and most significant Hindu temple complex in Bali, Pura
Besakih holds great cultural and spiritual importance.
The stunning location of Pura Besakih on the slopes of Mount Agung, the
highest volcano in Bali, provides breathtaking panoramic views of the
surrounding landscapes. The temple complex consists of numerous temples, each
dedicated to different deities and playing a unique role in Balinese religious
practices.
Exploring Pura Besakih allows visitors to immerse themselves in the
intricate fabric of Balinese culture. The temple complex is not only a place of
worship but also a living museum of Balinese art, history, and spirituality.
Visitors can witness religious ceremonies, observe traditional rituals, and
engage with local priests and worshippers to gain a deeper understanding of
Balinese beliefs and practices.
Regardless of the immense size and cultural significance of the
heritage, the grandeur of Pura Besakih is surrounded by stunning natural
beauty. Lush green spaces, terraced rice fields, and the majestic Mount Agung
create a captivating backdrop that adds to the overall charm of the site,
making a visit to Pura Besakih a journey through time, offering a glimpse into
Bali's ancient past and enduring traditions that shape its identity. Pura
Besakih offers a truly immersive and enriching experience for those seeking to
delve into the historical beauty of Bali.
Tourist Activities in Besakih
The small village of Besakih in Bali offers numerous enjoyable and
exciting tourist activities to interest visitors, such as guided tours inside
the temple to learn about its history and architectural details.
1. Temple
Visits: The Besakih Temple complex is considered the main temple complex,
housing numerous temples, shrines, wings, and courtyards dedicated to different
deities. You can explore the various temples and learn about the traditional
Balinese architecture and religious testimonies embraced by the site.
2. Participating
in Celebrations and Religious Ceremonies: Many celebrations and religious
ceremonies take place in Besakih throughout the year. You can participate in
these events and witness traditional dances, music, and religious prayers that
bring a sense of spirituality and vibrancy to the place.
3. Enjoying
Breathtaking Scenery: The Besakih area is surrounded by exceptional natural
beauty, with stunning views of green mountains, terraced rice fields, and
captivating tropical nature. You can enjoy walking or cycling in the
surrounding areas and immerse yourself in the tranquility and natural beauty.
4. Shopping in
Local Markets: You can visit the local markets in Besakih and purchase
traditional handicrafts and local artistic products. You can find traditional
Balinese crafts such as textiles, jewelry, wooden crafts, and more.
5. Indulging in
Balinese Cuisine: You can experience traditional Balinese cuisine in local
restaurants and cafes in Besakih. Taste delicious dishes such as Satay, Mie Goreng, Klungkung, and other mouthwatering dishes prepared
in the traditional Balinese style.
6. Trip to the
Summit of Mount Agung: If you are an adventure and nature lover, you can
venture to the summit of Mount Agung. You can organize a trekking trip to the
top with a local guide to enjoy sunrise or sunset views and the breathtaking
scenery of the island.
Make sure to check local events and schedules before visiting the area
to ensure an enjoyable and exciting experience.
Delicious food tourism in Besakih
Besakih stands out for offering a diverse range of delicious cuisines
that attract tourists from all around the world. Visitors can savor traditional
Balinese dishes known for their flavorful combinations, fresh herbs, and
aromatic spices. Rice, prepared in various styles, takes center stage in
Besakih, often served with grilled meats, fresh fish, and seasonal vegetables.
1) Ayam Betutu
Bali: This dish features a whole chicken marinated with rich and spicy herbs
and spices, stuffed with spices and vegetables like cassava or cabbage leaves,
wrapped in banana leaves, and steamed and roasted in the oven.
2) Nasi Goreng:
Nasi Goreng is a famous fried rice dish in Bali. The rice is fried with spices,
vegetables, and your choice of meat, fish, or eggs, along with soy sauce. Nasi
Goreng is a delicious and satisfying meal worth trying.
3) Satay: Satay
is a popular dish in Bali consisting of skewered and grilled meat slices. The
meat is usually marinated in peanut sauce and served with rice and various
dipping sauces. It is a tasty dish loved by both locals and visitors alike.
4) Tipat Cantok:
Balinese salad with peanut sauce. It includes tipat (a type of steamed rice
cake wrapped in coconut leaves), fresh vegetables, fried tempeh, and tofu. The
salad is served with peanut sauce. It is a refreshing and flavorful dish.
5) Jimbaran
Seafood: It is a variety of seafood such as fish, prawns, clams, crabs,
marinated lobster, calamari, and sometimes lobster. These seafood delicacies
are carefully prepared and grilled with local flavors and distinctive spices.
They are usually served on large trays and garnished with grilled vegetables
and delicious sauces. You can enjoy this delectable dish with steamed rice,
noodles, or toasted bread.
Additionally, visitors can indulge in traditional Balinese desserts such
as Balinese cakes (like Balinese black rice pudding) and cakes, which serve as
a delightful conclusion to the culinary experience in Besakih.
To learn more about the Besakih Temple and its great impact on Balinese culture, you can watch this video from the channel: DmitriyArbatov - Enjoy:
Conclusion:
Besakih Mother Temple in Indonesia is a prominent cultural, religious and tourist attraction. The temple holds religious significance as a site of worship and religious ceremonies. Its history goes back a long time and witnesses many festivals and religious ceremonies. In addition, the temple features exceptional architectural splendor that embodies Bali's artistic traditions. Besakih is an excellent tourist destination that attracts visitors to explore the beauty of Bali, enjoy various tourist activities and taste local delicacies.